Urban Osmosis

Kyle Fish, Tia Thompson, Zophia Li

Addressing Extreme Urban Heat Via Diurnal Dehumidification/Evaporation Cycles Using Hydrogels



Abstract
We address the intensifying Urban Heat Island Effect in East Harlem, where limited access to air conditioning and distant cooling centers leave vulnerable populations exposed to dangerous summer heat. 

We hypothesize that a passive, non-mechanical cooling system can provide distributed thermal relief at the pedestrian scale if it couples desiccant-based moisture capture with controlled evaporative release. Our proposed material system consists of soft panels incorporating a hydrogel layer, encapsulated behind a vapor-permeable, liquid-waterblocking membrane. This configuration enables the hydrogel to adsorb ambient humidity and release it selectively for evaporation, thereby extracting latent heat from the panel surface and dissipating thermal energy to the surrounding air.

 Deployed as a collection of athletics facilities, our material system aims to aleviate the effects of Urban Heat Island Effect while providing public spaces for East Harlem residents.

Hydrogel acts as the catalyst for said phenomenal climate change through its material process of removing water from the air. It creates more comfortable environments and reduces mold and mildew. This is done with refigerant cooling and desiccant systems. 


Material Speculation

Qualifying Hydrogel and Secondary Material Properites

Acting Materials (Responsible For Phenomena)
Hydrogel:
  • Made from synthesized monomers
  • Hydrogels absorb about 500 times their weight in water.
  • The porosity of hydrogels resembles living tissues
  • They are used in fields like medicine, cosmetics, and agriculture
  • Includes responsive and self healing properties
Activated Alumina:
  • A porous, highly adsorptive form of aluminum oxide
  • Very high surface area due to network of microscopic pores
  • High affinity for water vapor, commonly used in air and gas drying, water purification, and chemical processing
  • Non-toxic and food safe
Silica Gel:
  • Porous form of silicon dioxide
  • Synthesized from sodium silicate
  • Granular structure provides fast adsorption and desorption cycle
  • Widely used in packaging, museums, and climate control to regulate humidity
  • Low-cost and readily available

Supporting Materials (Responsible For Containment)Wood:
  • Wood is a strong lightweight material that helps
  • Provides structural support
  • It also has the ability to expand and contract as it gains and loses water
  • It will serve as a structural element in our material system
Tyvek:
  • Porous membrane
  • Will protect desiccants from direct liquid-water exposure
  • Allows moisture to escape as it evaporate


Inital Experiments

Quantifying Hydrogel’s Cooling Abilities through Testing

Hydrogel Temperature  and Humidity Our initial testing stage began through the speculation of Hydrogel as a cooling material with us beginning on outdoor temperature reduction.

Materials Used: Hydrogel + Activated Alumina

Observation: Temperature and humidity were
monitored using hygrometers.

Result: Humidity was successfully reduced by ~6%.
A slight increase in temperature (0.5°F).

Hydrogel Results:Start:
Temp = 78.5°F | Humidity = 82%
After: Temp = 78.5°F | Humidity = 76%

Activated Alumina Results:
Start: Temp = 78.5°F | Humidity = 82%
After: Temp = 77.1°F | Humidity = 77%


 


Sandwich Test
Experimenting with Hydrogel as a material  unit apart of a larger assembly ,  with wood and foil acting as secondary components.

Materials: Hydrogel, Tyvek sheet, Wood,  Aluminum foil

Tests performed: Hydrogel glued to surfaces (wood, foil). Layers arranged to test humidity absorption and evaporation

Results:
Container before hydrogel and tyvek: 76.8 F - 70% Humidity
After: 77 F - 53.3% Humidity
   


The Psychrometric ChartWhen understanding the results of the test, all information and results were compared to the comfort zone quantified by the psychrometric chart. It posed to be highly beneficial in comparing results to the standards of the human body.

All tests These results show the hydrogel is helping absorb humdifity on move the area closer into
the comfort zone, with even the assembly experimenting joining hydrogel and wood together posing to be near equivalent in temperature and efficent in humidity  reduction  at an outdoor scale.


Evaporation Test
The secondary phenomena achieved by hydrogel is evaporative cooling, with the captured humidity  evaporating and reducing the amount of heat in the air as it exits the atmosphere.

Materials: Hydrogel, Tyvek
Test: The cooling effect of evaporation through
hydrogel

Observation:
Reduced temperature by 16 degrees.

Hydrogel:
Start: 93°F / 22% RH
After 45mins: 83°F / 28% RH
After 15hrs: 77.9°F / 23% RH

Result:
Humidity increased as evaporation started.
Temperature dropped 10 degrees


Material Assembly Development

Hydrogel as a Working Unit apart of  a Larger System


 
Our research specualted a modular system of  parabolic forms, conjoining together in a way that can aggregate into larger canopy systems.  Diagrams and sketches viewed above highlighted different variations of the assembly and how it opened and closed to not only allow humid air to enter, but air to exit with ease in order to guarantee adqueate evaporative cooling and ventilation.  


Final Prototype: Pratt SOA

Presentation of the Mock-Up and Research to a Review Jury


Case Studies: East Harlem

Assembly Prototypes along Atheltic Infrastructure in Public Spaces

General Program
 We are adopting our hydrogel material system by applying it to athletics and recreation, guaranteeing  that citizens feel comfortable while playing sports and enjoying the outdoors.  
  • Basketball Court Water Station
  • Park Audience Seating Areas
  • Outdoor Gym

Site Map & Analysis
Research of the site followed parametric analysis of the sun and wind patterns in the designated atheltic areas, with ultimately the open spaces of areas such as basketball courts finding to be the spaces most needing said cooling stations powered by the hydrogel  assembly.





Darrick Borowski
Visiting Associate Professor

dborow64@pratt.edu
darrick@dba.nyc
718.399.4305

http://darrickborowski.com
http://are-a.net
http://materialphenomenal.com

IG:

Mycoshield:
Mycellium

Sarah Cawley
Brianna Martinez-Burns
Saahir Lakhani

Algenosphere:
Algae

Aarav Schroff
Nicolas Gotzev
Mehek Usman
Terraflow:
Terracotta

Brynn Lucky
Vaughn Carson
Olivia Su

Urban Osmosis:
Hydrogel

Zophia Li
Tia Thomspon
Kyle Fish